OSI Model Reflection

OSI Model Layers

What have I learned?

I learned that OSI ( Open System Interconnection) which was created by the ISO (International Organization for Standardization ) is very important for a Network or Communication and Connection between nodes or Computers. The data that will be transmitted or transferred from a node to another will go through the seven layers.

How can I describe each of the layers of the model?

There are seven layers of the OSI model namely:

1. Physical - Physical Mediums( Cable, Hub, etc. ), Method of representing bits.
2. Data-Link - Detection of any possible errors, flow control on the physical link.
3. Network - The addressing of the network: routing and switching.
4. Transport - End-to-end error control.
5. Session - Here is the authentication, permissions, and session restoration.
6. Presentation - Binary coding, encryption, and compression.
7. Application - The application will convert binary codes to Human Readable information.

Scenario Application of OSI Model:

 Just like food delivery, there are processes for delivering the  Package to a Customer and that delivery/ies will undergo the process just like the data transmission through the seven layers of the model.

____________________________________________________________________

https://img-en.fs.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/seven-layers-of-OSI-model.png

OSI Models Concept Map

TYPES OF NETWORK MEDIA

MEDIA NETWORK

 What is MEDIA NETWORK?

➤ refers to the communication channels used to interconnect nodes on a computer network.(Wikipedia, 2019)

TYPES OF MEDIA NETWORK

Twisted - Pair Cable

⏩is a type of cabling that is used for telephone communications and most modern Ethernet networks

➧ Two basic types of twisted-pair cable exist unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP). 

UTP Cable

➧UTP cable is a medium that is composed of pairs of wires. UTP cable is used in a variety of networks

UTP cable is more prone to electrical noise and interference than other types of networking media, and the distance between signal boosts is shorter for UTP than it is for coaxial and fiber-optic cables.

• Used for telephone communications. Not suitable for transmitting data.

• Capable of transmitting data at speeds up to 4 megabits per second (Mbps).

• Used in 10BASE-T networks. Can transmit data at speeds up to 10 Mbps.

• Used in Token Ring networks. It can transmit data at speeds up to 16 Mbps.

• Can transmit data at speeds up to 100 Mbps.

• Used in networks running at speeds up to 1000 Mbps (1 gigabit per second [Gbps]).

• Typically, Category 6 cable consists of four pairs of 24 American Wire Gauge (AWG) copper wires. Category 6 cable is currently the fastest standard for UTP.

Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable

➧combines the techniques of shielding, cancellation, and wire twisting.

• Speed and throughput—10 to 100 Mbps

• The average cost per node—Moderately expensive

• Media and connector size—Medium to large

• Maximum cable length—100 m (short)

_________________________________________________________________________

Coaxial Cable

⏩consists of a hollow outer cylindrical conductor that surrounds a single inner wire made of two conducting elements.

• Speed and throughput—10 to 100 Mbps.

• The average cost per node—Inexpensive.

• Media and connector size—Medium.

• Maximum cable length—500 m (medium).

_________________________________________________________________________

Plenum Cable

⏩runs in plenum spaces of a building. In building construction, a plenum (pronounced PLEH-nuhm, from Latin meaning "full") is a separate space provided for air circulation for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (sometimes referred to as HVAC), typically in the space between the structural ceiling and a drop-down ceiling.

_________________________________________________________________________

Wireless Communication

⏩uses radio frequencies (RF) or infrared (IR) waves to transmit data between devices on a LAN.

The primary difference between electromagnetic waves is their frequency. Low-frequency electromagnetic waves have a long wavelength (the distance from one peak to the next on the sine wave), while high-frequency electromagnetic waves have a short wavelength.

• Accessing the Internet using a cellular phone

• Establishing a home or business Internet connection over satellite

• Beaming data between two hand-held computing devices

• Using a wireless keyboard and mouse for the PC

_________________________________________________________________________

References:

INFORMATION

http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=31276

http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=31276&seqNum=2

http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=31276&seqNum=3

 

IMAGES

https://previews.123rf.com/images/monicaodo/monicaodo1702/monicaodo170200002/70967412-smart-city-and-wireless-communication-network-modern-city-design-with-future-technology-for-living-s.jpg

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/81Nv0AmrUrL._SL1500_.jpg

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/81-nEVzs%2BlL._SL1500_.jpg

https://5.imimg.com/data5/BS/UQ/MY-35673791/shielded-twisted-pair-cable-500x500.jpg

https://4.imimg.com/data4/GR/SC/MY-462071/utp-cable-500x500.png

https://1cp3v31bcrm1lv5jv1crjrq1-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/hakoigekolhddcck.jpg

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/network-media.jpg

Computer Networks

1. What is a Computer Network?

- It is a set of computers connected together for sharing resources as the main purpose.
The Internet itself can be considered as a Computer Network.

                               http://cdn.yourarticlelibrary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/b846.jpg


2. Kinds of Computer Network
-  Computer Network is mainly of four types: 

• LAN(Local Area Network) ex: Building, Office
  
• http://www.am7s.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/lan.jpg

• PAN(Personal Area Network) ex: arranged within an individual person( range of up to 10 meters), Small Home Office
• 
• https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitUT3Je60_KbXcjVTiQeMfbLLJrx95ZYB-JvzkeuS94BBEOmybgjxwheS80EfeSzpYqIJOjE056zLtrwPLYazH1Ik891G8VM7IaN_QZAQ2KewRFdngtf4i3j6WjbphWb5ysv5ZewEPleBl/s640/image4.png

• MAN(Metropolitan Area Network) ex: Government agencies, Airline Reservation
  
  
  
  https://static.javatpoint.com/tutorial/computer-network/images/metropolitan-area-network.png

• WAN(Wide Area Network) ex: Internet, states or countries, Mobile Broadband
  
• https://i2.wp.com/computernetworktopology.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Slide5.jpg?resize=688%2C610&ssl=1

3. An example of a Computer Network

INTERNET

Reflection on Installing Application Software

🤔What I Learned In Installing an Application Software?
Rate yourself from 1-10 and explain.

➖I rate myself 10😁, because I find the lesson very easy. The steps are also very easy to remember. To recall, all you have to do is to;

1: Locate the Application in the File Explorer;
2: Right-Click the selected application and open;
3: Read the Terms and Conditions, accept and mark everything according to your preferences;
4: Finally, install;
5: Click Finish.




To further know and be guided, watch this video.❤

My First Computer Programming Experience Using Java

🧡What did you learn in our first computer programming?

 ans.- I learned how to write the basic Java Syntax and create my own using its codes.

💙What did you feel in your first programming experience?

ans.- I feel so good because of my time by time learning and studying... I have gradually learned to code Java.

💚Rate your self from 1-10. And why?

ans.- I rate myself 9😁, because I learned the basic java programming fast and maybe I'll be able to code the more complicated programming syntaxes and languages as well in the future.✨

Click Me! to visit the site where I learned the basics of Java Programming😜

Have FUN and Enjoy!