OHS Standards

What did you learn regarding the OHS in computer system servicing?

I've learned about the 10 proper guidelines for Occupational Health and Safety standards.

This standard is making the operation of an occupation safely as possible. In a workplace, hazards are always present, thus, in order to avoid any possible danger or risk, one must apply the guidelines of OHS. Also, OHS has 5s: sort, set an order, shine, standardize, and sustain. 

How To Configure Straight Through Cable

What are the similarity/similarities of Straight Through cable and Crossover Cable?

❤️💯Both cables are used to connect devices. We use Straight Through cable for connecting dissimilar devices such as a Computer and a Router, while Crossover configuration is for connecting similar devices like a Computer to a Computer. Before making a cable for connection, you must determine if it's either a connection between same devices or a connection for different devices.

Steps for Configurating a Crossover Cable:

What you'll need:

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) patch cable
Modular connector (8P8C plug, aka RJ45)
Crimping tool
Cable tester (optional, but recommended)

Step 1: Strip the cable jacket about 1.5 inch down from the end.


Step 2: Spread the four pairs of twisted wire apart. For Cat 5e, you can use the pull string to strip the jacket farther down if you need to, then cut the pull string. Cat 6 cables have a spine that will also need to be cut.


Step 3: Untwist the wire pairs and neatly align them in the T568B orientation. Be sure not to untwist them any farther down the cable than where the jacket begins; we want to leave as much of the cable twisted as possible.

Step 4: Cut the wires as straight as possible, about 0.5 inch above the end of the jacket.

Step 5: Carefully insert the wires all the way into the modular connector, making sure that each wire passes through the appropriate guides inside the connector.

Step 6: Push the connector inside the crimping tool and squeeze the crimper all the way down.

Step 7: Repeat steps 1-6 for the other end of the cable.

Step 8: To make sure you've successfully terminated each end of the cable, use a cable tester to test each pin.

That's it. For crossover cables, simply make one end of the cable a T568A and the other end a T568B. Now you can make Ethernet cables of any length, fix broken connectors, or make yourself a crossover cable. Happy crimping!





Source
https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-make-your-own-ethernet-cable/

Create Straight Through Cable with Router Set-Up

REFLECTION

Creating a Straight Through Cable:

1. Prepare your UTP Cable, RJ45, Crimping Tool, and Wire Stripper.
2. Using the Wire Stripper, cut or remove the outer jacket of the Cable.
3. After that, arrange the smaller wires that is now exposed and refer to the color codes of the Straight Through.
4.  Insert the wires to the RJ45 with you facing the metals of the RJ45. And then Crimp using the Crimping Tool. Make  sure that the colors are according to the Straight Through Cable color codes.
5. Test it out using a Cable Tester!

Setting up a Wireless-N Router

1. Find the IP address of the router.
2. Open a web browser on the computer that is connected to the router.
3. Enter your username and password.
4. Open the Wireless Settings.
5. Enter a name for your wireless network.
6. Choose a security method.
7. Create a passphrase.
8. Save your settings.

I would rate myself 10 out of 10, because I did it well with my partner and with the help of our Adviser. Setting up your own network is as easy as 1-2-3! But! Be sure to follow all the instructions so that your network will function well. And be cautious of the electricity.

Straight Through Color Codes:

T568A- 

T568B-

UTP Cable- 

RJ45- 

Crimping Tool, Wire Stripper, and Cable Tester- 

OSI Model Reflection

OSI Model Layers

What have I learned?

I learned that OSI ( Open System Interconnection) which was created by the ISO (International Organization for Standardization ) is very important for a Network or Communication and Connection between nodes or Computers. The data that will be transmitted or transferred from a node to another will go through the seven layers.

How can I describe each of the layers of the model?

There are seven layers of the OSI model namely:

1. Physical - Physical Mediums( Cable, Hub, etc. ), Method of representing bits.
2. Data-Link - Detection of any possible errors, flow control on the physical link.
3. Network - The addressing of the network: routing and switching.
4. Transport - End-to-end error control.
5. Session - Here is the authentication, permissions, and session restoration.
6. Presentation - Binary coding, encryption, and compression.
7. Application - The application will convert binary codes to Human Readable information.

Scenario Application of OSI Model:

 Just like food delivery, there are processes for delivering the  Package to a Customer and that delivery/ies will undergo the process just like the data transmission through the seven layers of the model.

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https://img-en.fs.com/community/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/seven-layers-of-OSI-model.png

OSI Models Concept Map

TYPES OF NETWORK MEDIA

MEDIA NETWORK

 What is MEDIA NETWORK?

➤ refers to the communication channels used to interconnect nodes on a computer network.(Wikipedia, 2019)

TYPES OF MEDIA NETWORK

Twisted - Pair Cable

⏩is a type of cabling that is used for telephone communications and most modern Ethernet networks

➧ Two basic types of twisted-pair cable exist unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP). 

UTP Cable

➧UTP cable is a medium that is composed of pairs of wires. UTP cable is used in a variety of networks

UTP cable is more prone to electrical noise and interference than other types of networking media, and the distance between signal boosts is shorter for UTP than it is for coaxial and fiber-optic cables.

• Used for telephone communications. Not suitable for transmitting data.

• Capable of transmitting data at speeds up to 4 megabits per second (Mbps).

• Used in 10BASE-T networks. Can transmit data at speeds up to 10 Mbps.

• Used in Token Ring networks. It can transmit data at speeds up to 16 Mbps.

• Can transmit data at speeds up to 100 Mbps.

• Used in networks running at speeds up to 1000 Mbps (1 gigabit per second [Gbps]).

• Typically, Category 6 cable consists of four pairs of 24 American Wire Gauge (AWG) copper wires. Category 6 cable is currently the fastest standard for UTP.

Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable

➧combines the techniques of shielding, cancellation, and wire twisting.

• Speed and throughput—10 to 100 Mbps

• The average cost per node—Moderately expensive

• Media and connector size—Medium to large

• Maximum cable length—100 m (short)

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Coaxial Cable

⏩consists of a hollow outer cylindrical conductor that surrounds a single inner wire made of two conducting elements.

• Speed and throughput—10 to 100 Mbps.

• The average cost per node—Inexpensive.

• Media and connector size—Medium.

• Maximum cable length—500 m (medium).

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Plenum Cable

⏩runs in plenum spaces of a building. In building construction, a plenum (pronounced PLEH-nuhm, from Latin meaning "full") is a separate space provided for air circulation for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (sometimes referred to as HVAC), typically in the space between the structural ceiling and a drop-down ceiling.

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Wireless Communication

⏩uses radio frequencies (RF) or infrared (IR) waves to transmit data between devices on a LAN.

The primary difference between electromagnetic waves is their frequency. Low-frequency electromagnetic waves have a long wavelength (the distance from one peak to the next on the sine wave), while high-frequency electromagnetic waves have a short wavelength.

• Accessing the Internet using a cellular phone

• Establishing a home or business Internet connection over satellite

• Beaming data between two hand-held computing devices

• Using a wireless keyboard and mouse for the PC

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References:

INFORMATION

http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=31276

http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=31276&seqNum=2

http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=31276&seqNum=3

 

IMAGES

https://previews.123rf.com/images/monicaodo/monicaodo1702/monicaodo170200002/70967412-smart-city-and-wireless-communication-network-modern-city-design-with-future-technology-for-living-s.jpg

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/81Nv0AmrUrL._SL1500_.jpg

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/81-nEVzs%2BlL._SL1500_.jpg

https://5.imimg.com/data5/BS/UQ/MY-35673791/shielded-twisted-pair-cable-500x500.jpg

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https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/network-media.jpg

Computer Networks

1. What is a Computer Network?

- It is a set of computers connected together for sharing resources as the main purpose.
The Internet itself can be considered as a Computer Network.

                               http://cdn.yourarticlelibrary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/b846.jpg


2. Kinds of Computer Network
-  Computer Network is mainly of four types: 

• LAN(Local Area Network) ex: Building, Office
  
• http://www.am7s.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/lan.jpg

• PAN(Personal Area Network) ex: arranged within an individual person( range of up to 10 meters), Small Home Office
• 
• https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitUT3Je60_KbXcjVTiQeMfbLLJrx95ZYB-JvzkeuS94BBEOmybgjxwheS80EfeSzpYqIJOjE056zLtrwPLYazH1Ik891G8VM7IaN_QZAQ2KewRFdngtf4i3j6WjbphWb5ysv5ZewEPleBl/s640/image4.png

• MAN(Metropolitan Area Network) ex: Government agencies, Airline Reservation
  
  
  
  https://static.javatpoint.com/tutorial/computer-network/images/metropolitan-area-network.png

• WAN(Wide Area Network) ex: Internet, states or countries, Mobile Broadband
  
• https://i2.wp.com/computernetworktopology.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Slide5.jpg?resize=688%2C610&ssl=1

3. An example of a Computer Network

INTERNET